ABSTRACT Two experiments were carried with broilers from 29 to 42 days of age for the nutritional evaluation of dietary chia. Thus, the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) and the apparent metabolizability coefficients of gross energy and ether extract of chia seeds and oil, toasted soybean grain (TSG), and soybean oil were determined in the experiment I, by total excreta collection method, using 120 broilers. Each experimental diet (reference diet [RD] and four diets with the tested feedstuffs) was evaluated in eight replicates of three broilers. The TSG and chia seeds replaced the RD in 250 g/kg, whereas soybean and chia oils replaced the RD in 100 g/kg. Simultaneously, a second experiment was carried subdivided into two trials. In the performance trial, we evaluated the dietary feedstuffs effects on performance, carcass and cut yields, blood parameters, and activity of lipogenic enzymes. The nutrient metabolizability coefficients and AMEn were evaluated in the metabolism trial. The AMEn values of 37.49, 37.35, 15.85, and 8.43 MJ/kg of dry matter were determined for chia oil, soybean oil, TSG, and chia seeds, respectively (experiment I). In the second experiment, the best feed conversion was observed in broilers fed diets containing chia oil and TSG. However, the diet formulated with chia seeds worsened broiler feed conversion, exhibited the smaller energy value and apparent metabolizability coefficient of the ether extract, and increased the activity of the malic enzyme and serum total cholesterol level. There was no difference for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. In general, chia oil showed to be efficient in replacing soybean oil in broiler diets.

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of alpha-amylase supplementation on performance and carcass and cuts yield in broilers during finishing phase (21 to 42 days). A completely randomized experimental design with six treatments and eight replications was used: Positive Control (PC): no enzyme; Negative control (NC): without enzyme formulated with 6.34% less energy (- 6.34% ME); NC1: with 250 g ton-1 of alpha-amylase; NC2: with 500 g ton-1 of alpha-amylase; NC3: with 750 g ton-1 of alpha-amylase; NC4: with 1000 g ton-1 of alpha-amylase. Significant differences in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were reported with the inclusion of alpha-amylase. The NC treatment with inclusion of amylase provided improvement values of weight gain, feed conversion and feed intake, but do not was similarly in comparison to those obtained in broilers fed a diet that completely met the requirements during this phase. There was no dietary influence on carcass parameters. The use of alpha-amylase was effective in improving performance in broilers fed a diet of 200 kcal kg-1 of reduced metabolizable energy.

ABSTRACT The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of three calcium:available phosphorus (Ca:aP) ratios and different supplementation with phytases from different origins on performance and ash, Ca, and P contents in the tibia of broilers. A total of 900 male broilers (22 to 35 days old) were fed ten dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. A 3 × 3 + 1 factorial scheme was used, corresponding to three Ca:aP ratios (4.5:1.0, 6.0:1.0, and 7.5:1.0) and three different supplementations with phytases from different origins (isolated or combined supplementation with bacterial and fungal phytase), plus a control diet. Regardless of the dietary Ca:aP ratio, the isolated use of bacterial phytase provided better feed conversion than the fungal phytase but did not differ from combined supplementation with bacterial and fungal phytase. However, regardless of the supplemented phytase, the 7.5:1.0 Ca:aP ratio decreased the feed conversion. Best results for bone P deposition were observed using diets containing the 4.5:1.0 Ca:aP and fungal phytase or the 4.5:1 and 6.0:1 Ca:aP ratios using the bacterial phytase. In general, when the parameters of feed conversion, bone ash, and P content in tibia are considered together, diets containing a 4.5:1.0 or 6.0:1.0 Ca:aP ratio and 1,500 FTU kg−1 bacterial phytase, or a 4.5:1.0 Ca:aP ratio using fungal phytase and only 1.0 g kg−1 available phosphorus provide better results.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de valores de equivalência da fitase como base para redução de fósforo disponível (P-disp) em dietas para frangos. Foram avaliados dez planos nutricionais com seis repetições de 15 aves cada uma. Avaliaram-se: desempenho, teor de cinzas na tíbia e custo da ração. De 1 a 7 e de 36 a 42 dias de idade, as aves receberam dieta basal; de 8 a 21 dias, dieta sem fitase contendo 3,9 g kg-1 de P-disp e quatro dietas com fitase contendo de 1,1 a 2,5 g kg-1 de P-disp; e de 22 a 35 dias, dieta sem fitase contendo 3,4 g kg-1 de P-disp mais dieta com fitase contendo 1,6 g kg-1 de P-disp. O melhor plano nutricional foi composto pelas dietas: 4,7 g kg-1 de P-disp sem fitase (1 a 7 dias); 2,0 g kg-1 de P-disp suplementada com fitase (8 a 21 dias); 3,4 g kg-1 de P-disp em ração sem fitase (22 a 35 dias); e 3,0 g kg-1 de P-disp em ração sem fitase (36 a 42 dias). A redução do P-disp ocorre no período de 8 a 21 dias de idade e corresponde a 2,0 g kg-1 de ração suplementada com fitase.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of equivalency values of phytase as a basis for reduction of available phosphorus (aP) in broiler diets. Ten nutritional programs were evaluated with six replicates of 15 birds each. The following were evaluated: performance, tibia ash content, and feed costs. From 1 to 7 and 36 to 42 days of age, the birds received basal diet; from 8 to 21 days, diet without phytase containing 3.9 g kg-1 aP and four diets with phytase containing from 1.1 to 2.5 g kg-1 aP; and from 22 to 35 days, diet without phytase containing 3.4 g kg-1 aP plus diet with phytase containing 1.6 g kg-1 aP. The best nutritional plan was formed by the diets: 4.7 g kg-1 aP without phytase (1 to 7 days); 2.0 g kg-1 aP supplemented with phytase (8 to 21 days); 3.4 g kg-1 aP in feed without phytase (22 to 35 days); and 3.0 g kg-1 aP in feed without phytase (36 to 42 days). The reduction of aP occurs in the period from 8 to 21 days of age and corresponds to 2.0 g kg-1 of feed supplemented with phytase.

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar níveis de suplementação de vitamina D proveniente de duas fontes (D3 e 25-OHD3) em rações para frangos de corte criados em gaiolas. Foram utilizados 1.500 pintos machos de 1 dia, linhagem Cobb-700, alojados em gaiolas metálicas (100) com dispositivos e manejo adaptados para criação das aves. Em cada fase do desenvolvimento (inicial, de 1 a 21 dias; de crescimento, 22 a 38 dias; e final, de 39 a 45 dias), avaliaram-se quatro níveis (programas) de suplementação de vitamina D (20/16/10; 37,5/30/18,8; 87,5/70/43,8 e 137,5/110/68,8 mg/kg ração), oriunda de duas fontes. Os dois tratamentos adicionais foram constituídos da combinação das duas fontes (D3 + 25-OHD3), em diferentes proporções (50+37,7/40+30/25+18,8 e 50+70/40+56/25+35 mg/kg de ração para as fases inicial, crescimento e final, respectivamente). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 × 4 + 2 (fontes × níveis + adicionais) e 10 repetições por tratamento As rações foram à base de milho e farelo de soja, com suplementação de fitase (500 ftu/kg), segundo recomendações das tabelas brasileiras de exigências nutricionais de animais não-ruminantes. Foram avaliados o desempenho, o rendimento de carcaça e a morfologia intestinal das aves. A suplementação de vitamina D na fase inicial melhorou o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar das aves. Maior ganho de peso e consumo de ração aos 45 dias foi observado nas aves dos tratamentos adicionais (associações). O rendimento de carcaça aumentou com o uso de 25-OHD3. Em comparação à suplementação isolada das fontes de vitamina D, os tratamentos adicionais promoveram maiores benefícios para a maioria das características avaliadas. A adição de 25-OHD3 em rações contendo vitamina D3 melhora as características de desempenho dos frangos de corte.

The experiment was conducted aiming at evaluating the levels of supplementation of vitamin D from two sources (vitamin D3 and 25-OHD3) on diets for broiler chickens raised in cages. It was used 1,500 line Cobb-700 male chicks at one day of age, housed in metal cages (100), with appliances and management fitted for bird raising. In each growing phase (starter, from 1 to 21 days; growing, from 22 to 38 days, and finishing, from 39 to 45 days), it was evaluated four levels (programs) of vitamin D supplementation (20/16/10; 37.5/30/18.8; 87.5/70/43.8 and 137.5/110/68.8 mg/kg ration) from two sources. The two additional treatments consisted of combination of the two sources (D3 + 25-OHD3) at different proportions (50+37.7/40+30/25+18.8 and 50+70/40+56/25+35 mg/kg ration for starter, growing and finishing phases, respectively). It was used a complete random experimental design, in a 2 × 4 + 2 (sources × levels + aditionals) and 10 replicates per treatment. The diets were based on corn and soybean meal, with supplementation of phytase (500 ftu/kg), following the recommendations of the national tables of nutritional requirements of non-ruminant animals. The performance and carcass characteristics as well as the intestinal morphology of the birds were evaluated. Vitamin-D supplementation at the starter phase improved weight gain and feed conversion of the birds. Greater weight gain and feed intake at 45 days of age were observed for the group of birds of the additional treatment associations. Carcass yield increased with the use of 25-OHD3. When compared to the single supplementation of vitamin D sources, the additional treatments promoted more benefits for most of the evaluated characteristics. The addition of 25-OHD3 in rations containing vitamin D3 improves performance characteristics of broilers.